Whilst sustained academic interest and research within the broad arena of “hate crimes” is relatively new in the UK, community-based support projects and local government initiatives to tackle racial harassment, abuse and attacks have been part of the local policy and practice since at least 1981. This chapter will be based on research (Chahal, 2003; Jalota, 2004) concerning community based projects addressing the needs of hate crime victims.

This chapter discusses the development of a campus-wide initiative to provide education about bias and hate crimes. The contribution provides guidance on steps to develop and sustain an anti-violence program in a university setting.

Information for mental health providers on the needs and challenges of treating hate crime victims is provided. The first author presents a model of treatment that incorporates risk assessment and symptoms reduction strategies. The second author discusses treatment case management, negotiating issues of social support and coordinating services in a community mental health setting. Both discuss culture in terms of victim help-seeking behaviors.

Using interviews, an analysis of historical records, and document reviews, this chapter reviews the history of the development of a human relations commission.  Specific social and historic events such as the Zoot Suit Riot, the Watts Riot and other community event that led to its development will be summarized.  The organizational structure, methods used to compile, analyze and discuss hate crimes and community based interventions are also discussed.

Summary to come.

This chapter examines the operational aspects of hate crime investigation (including evidence gathering methods) and the legal similarities and differences in US and local state-based statutes. The investigative elements of hate crimes are considered. Based upon law enforcement investigation, the behavioral and affective characteristics of hate crime suspects are discussed. Finally, the cultural factors that influence hate crime activity are also considered.

Summary to come.

This chapters examine results of survey studies concerning attitudes about hate crime laws.  In one study, victims of hate crime described the type of violence experienced, coping strategies and their perceived need for support. In a second study, members of a non-governmental organization were surveys about the nature and frequency of their contact with hate crime victims.

Drug courts are effective options for those convicted of drug-related offenses. A combination of treatment and potential incarceration are keys to the program’s success. This criminal justice treatment model is examined with regards to its potential to address hate crime perpetration.

The link between the psychological aspects of hate crimes, law and ethics is especially precarious when hate crime is compared to terrorism.  The terror analogy captures a central idea of what many hate crime scholars found important for policy to respond to, but this analogy seems to make hate crime laws narrow in scope. This chapter explores, through a critical lens, to what extent a view of hate crimes as terrorist acts is a fruitful route and argues for a mixed message.

Summary to come.

Summary to come.